Proper Citation For Research Papers

Purdue gives this example of an in-text citation, which is also called parenthetical citation in MLA style.Note that in MLA style, page numbers don’t typically appear unless the sentence or passage is a direct quote from the original, as is the case here: At the end of the paper, attach a "Works Cited" page or pages, which is equivalent to the "References" section in APA style.

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For Chicago style, use the same method as described previously but add the URL, as in this example: MLA style used to require you to list the date you accessed the information, but that's no longer the case.

To cite an electronic source, use the same style as discussed previously, but replace the period after the date with a comma and then list the URL.

"Works Cited" section citations are very similar in MLA and APA style, as in this example of a work with multiple authors from Purdue OWL: Note that you would also use a hanging indent in MLA, but it tends to be a bit shorter; move the second and subsequent lines in by three spaces.

Spell out the first name of the author(s) in MLA style; add a comma before "et al."; use title case for the book, journal, or article title; omit the place of publication information; follow the name of the publisher with a comma; and list the date of publication at the end.

American Psychological Association (APA) style is often used in social sciences and other disciplines.

With APA or any of the styles listed in this paper, you need to use a citation if you quote text from another source, paraphrase an author or authors' ideas, or refer to her work, such as a study, original thinking, or even an elegant turn of phrase.MLA style is often used in English and other humanities papers.MLA follows the author-page style for in-text citations, notes Purdue OWL, an excellent citation, grammar, and writing website operated by Purdue University.Direct quotations should be surrounded by quotations marks and are generally used when the idea you want to capture is best expressed by the source.Paraphrasing and summarizing involve rewording an essential idea from someone else's work, usually to either condense the point or to make it better fit your writing style.If there are two authors, list the last name of each, as in: At the end of your paper, attach one or more pages titled "References." That section is essentially your biography.Readers of your paper can then turn to the references listing to read the full citations for each of the works you cited.Books, journals, and other articles are cited in a manner similar to APA and MLA style.List the author's last name, a comma, and the full first name, followed by the title of the book in italics and title case, the place of publication, followed by a colon, followed by the publisher's name, a comma, and the date of publication, all in parentheses, followed by a comma and the page numbers.Electronic source citations are similar to citations of published works except for two issues: You need to include the URL of the source, and a large percentage of online sources may not list an author.In APA style, for example, list an online source in the same way you would cite a book or article, except that you need to include the type of information you are accessing (in parentheses), as well as the URL.